Tag Archive for: #hospitals

TownTalk: NC Hospitals During The Civil War

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In the time leading up to the Civil War, the United States didn’t have the same kind of hospital system that exists today.

And many doctors, whether trained in medical colleges or who had learned the tools and treatments of the trade by apprenticing with experienced doctors, brought their tinctures and salves to the homes of patients and treated them there.

But once the Civil War cranked up, it became necessary to have places where wounded soldiers could be tended to. U.S. Army Col. Wade Sokolosky (Ret.) has been researching hospitals in North Carolina during the Civil War and has compiled that research into a two-volume set, the first of which has been published. The first volume is “North Carolina’s Confederate Hospitals 1861-1863.”

The second volume, the research for which was sidelined a bit due to the COVID-19 pandemic, should hit book stores by 2024, Sokolosky told Bill Harris and Mark Pace during the tri-weekly history program.

The Beaufort, NC native returned to Town Talk Thursday for part two of his discussion about the state’s Civil War hospitals. “I’m really excited and super stoked,” Sokolosky said, referring to his book sales and the upcoming publication of the second volume.

 

Early on in the war, surgeons were sort of tapped into service, Sokolosky said, but once it became evident that the war would not end quickly, the Confederacy developed an examination board for surgeons to demonstrate their medical capabilities.

“One of the surgeons at Fort Macon didn’t pass,” Sokolosky said, and the surgeon general at the time sent him home. “The vast majority did demonstrate competence…they tightened (standards) up pretty good,” he continued, and as the war raged on, so did the quality of medical care.

Sokolosky’s research didn’t delve too deeply into the medical side of things, but he did run across interesting tidbits during his work. For example, the records kept by Chief Surgeon Isaac Tanner who attended soldiers at the Battle of Bentonville have been preserved, he said. In March of 1865, as the Battle raged, there were more than 500 gunshot wounds that were treated. Of that number, only 14 required limb amputation, a testimony to the advances that had been made for medical treatment on or near the battlefield.

There was a trend for each Confederate state to have its own hospital in other states to care for their own soldiers. There was a North Carolina hospital in Richmond, for example, and Otis F. Manson – a Granville County physician – was placed in charge.

There were other hospitals in Virginia that were designated for North Carolina troops, including a couple in Petersburg. If all the soldiers in the hospital were from the same area, it made it easier for visitors – often women from benevolence societies – to come with food and good wishes for a speedy recovery.

Vestiges of this concept of caring for military personnel remain today, Sokolosky said – if you travel through airports, chances are you’ve seen USO spaces that provide respite – and a little special treatment – for members of the armed forces.

The North Carolina Soldier’s Home was established in Richmond for soldiers to take a break from the war.

“If a soldier got a 72-hour pass, it wasn’t enough time to go home,” Sokolosky said, but he could go to the soldier’s home and take a break – get a warm meal and have a hot bath.

Private organizations, often run by women, created wayside hospitals along transportation routes so wounded soldiers could rest as they traveled back to their home states. The soldiers could have their wounds attended to, get their bandages changed at these locations, the idea of which began in South Carolina.

For more information, contact Sokolosky at Sokolosky1@aol.com.

 

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TownTalk: NC Hospitals During The Civil War

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Wade Sokolosky has done a lot of research on the Civil War. He’s from Beaufort in Carteret County, so he’s familiar with nearby Fort Macon. In fact, his great-great uncle was an artilleryman who was captured at Fort Macon and later lost his life in the Battle of Goldsboro.

And when Sokolosky was in the U.S. Army, stationed at Fort Campbell, KY, he said he and a soldier friend visited the old battlefields that dot middle Tennessee, which further piqued his interest. So much so, that his master’s thesis was on Gen. Sherman’s Logistics, especially the Carolina Campaign and the March to the Sea.

All that research and searching through historical documents led him to be curious about hospitals that had been set up to treat and house soldiers. But he couldn’t find a single book about North Carolina Confederate hospitals.

In the last few years, Sokolosky, a retired Army colonel, has been working to change that. His first book, “North Carolina’s Confederate Hospitals 1861-1863” has been out since mid-July. But it will be Volume 2 that will have information about Vance County’s own Confederate Hospital, which was set up at Kittrell Springs.

Sokolosky spoke with Bill Harris and Mark Pace on Thursday’s tri-weekly history segment of TownTalk. He said that during the time he’s spent researching, he’s run across a lot of interesting tidbits of information about the hospitals, so he decided to organize the information he’d uncovered into a study of the Confederate hospitals and why and how they came to be.

The Kittrell Springs Hotel became the site for the Vance County hospital, known as General Hospital Number One.

“When it comes to hospitals, North Carolina didn’t have as many as Virginia,” Sokolosky said, but the state was in the top three or four. He said he hopes his books will help “fill a gap in our study of our state’s role in the war.”

He visited the National Archives in Washington, DC during his research phase for the first volume, but the COVID-19 pandemic shut down hopes for a subsequent trip.

North Carolina only had two hospitals at the time of the Civil War – the marine hospital on Portsmouth Island was for seamen, not locals. And “Dix Hill” was the asylum in Raleigh.

Residents received medical care from physicians who made house calls, and only when the family remedies didn’t work.

The whole notion of hospitals to house wounded and sick soldiers during the Civil War was a novel concept. But Sokolosky said that it was during Gen. Grant’s Overlands Campaign that countless sick, wounded and recovering soldiers had to be evacuated away from battlefield hospitals to make room for new casualties.

“They were evacuated to Raleigh and (soon), they’re bustin’ at the seams,” he said. “All those Confederate wounded are coming South.” Thanks to the proximity of the Raleigh & Gaston Railroad, Kittrell seemed a fitting spot to transform a hotel into a hospital and soldiers didn’t have to go all the way to Raleigh.

The government paid rent to business owners or schools for use of the facilities for hospital space. Peace College and Wake Forest College also became sites for hospitals.

And the Confederacy maintained detailed records of what happened in those hospitals – who was treated, who died, which surgeons worked where. Sadly, most of those medical department records were destroyed by fire where they were kept in Richmond.

So Sokolosky has pieced together information by delving into the service records of individual surgeons.

He has found letters and other documents during his research, adding that when he’s able to connect the dots through his research, it’s very satisfying.

“I enjoy the research, especially when the dots come together.”

 

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