Tag Archive for: #aroundoldgranville

TownTalk: Around Old Granville – Warren County Historical Markers

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The historical marker that bears his name doesn’t have room for it, but James Turner is the North Carolinian who came the closest to being President of the United States.

He only made it as far as Speaker of the House, said Mark Pace, local historian and North Carolina Room specialist at Thornton Library in Oxford. But Speaker of the U.S. House is second in line – behind the vice president – to assume the role of President if circumstances call for it.

As governor, U.S. Senator and state legislator, Turner has his own historical marker, one of 20 that can be seen along major roads throughout Warren County.

Pace and WIZS’s Bill Harris continued their discussion of historical markers in the four-county area in their tri-weekly history segment called Around Old Granville; Thursday’s segment focused on Warren County, which Pace described as one of the most important and influential areas in the state between the Revolution and the Civil War.

The first marker that went up in Warren County remembers Annie Carter Lee – the daughter of Confederate General Robert E. Lee. She and other family members had left their Virginia home because of the war and were staying at Jones Springs, a health resort. She died after contracting typhoid fever in 1862 and was buried in the Jones cemetery in Warrenton. Her remains were moved in the mid-1990’s and placed in the Lee family cemetery.

Her marker was placed in 1936, just one year after the state created the program.

Jacob Holt didn’t get a marker until 1976, Pace said.

“He was one of two really big architects in the boom era” between 1845 and 1861, Pace said.

He designed and built homes – many of which still stand. His interest lay in Greek Revival and Italianate styles, but his own home in Warrenton, Pace said is quite modest and doesn’t resemble the other examples of his work.

Find a complete list of historical markers located across the state at https://www.dncr.nc.gov/

 

 

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TownTalk: Around Old Granville – Vance County Historical Markers

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Placing historical markers along prominent roadways is one way to make sure that they’ll be seen by lots of people driving by, but it also means that they run the risk of being struck by a wayward vehicle or even by the occasional grass mowing crews keeping the shoulders tidy.

Vance County has 16 historical markers located within its boundaries – seven of them honor individuals and the other nine are for particular events, towns and structures.

Pace and WIZS’s Bill Harris continued their discussion of historical markers with a focus on Vance County on Thursday’s Around Old Granville segment of TownTalk.

There are no fewer than five markers in and around Williamsboro, and Pace said that’s a nod to when the area – now not much more than a crossroads – was a thriving community back in the pre-Revolutionary days of the 1700’s. Williamsborough, as it was known during Colonial times, has its own marker which reads: “Eighteenth century town, named for John Williams, judge, state legislator, congressman, who lived nearby. Old St. John’s Church is here.”

“You wouldn’t know it riding through there today,” Pace said. Except for the fact that the historical markers bring attention to St. John’s Episcopal Church, the oldest frame church building in the state, as well as James Turner, an early governor and senator who lived in nearby.

Another marker remembers the Bingham School, which didn’t stay very long in Williamsboro, but was the first military school, established in 1826.

The marker for Richard Henderson originally had been placed on Norlina Road, across from the former WHNC radio station, but Pace said it was relocated to Satterwhite Point Road, about a mile from where his grave is. Henderson was the founder of Transylvania County in Kentucky and Nashville, TN.

Another Henderson, Leonard Henderson, has a marker, too. He’s who the city is named for, Pace said, but he was also an educator and a member of the first state Supreme Court in the early 1800’s.

The majority of the markers remind passersby of people and places long gone: there’s the Glass House in Kittrell, for example, that had been a destination for wealthy Northerners to escape city winters and enjoy the healing powers the area’s springs. And there’s Kittrell’s Springs, the health resort-turned hospital for Confederate soldiers in the waning days of the Civil War.

And the Confederate cemetery, where 52 soldiers’ graves are located.

But the historical marker that was placed in 2007 recalls a more recent event that has claimed its own place in history: The strike at Harriet-Henderson cotton mill occurred between 1958 and 1961, and Pace said it helped to showcase the South as a place where unions didn’t have traction as in other areas of the country, particularly the Northeast.

And although it’s not the earliest marker to be erected, the marker for John Lederer along N.C. 39 north of Townsville honors a pioneering German explorer who traveled in the area in 1670, with the help of a Native American guide.

Pace said Lederer may very well be the first person of European descent to set foot in this part of the world, but he sort of “fell through the cracks, history wise,” Pace added.

Are there other potential people and places that could be honored with their own historical marker?

Surely, Pace said.

He would consider the Blacknall family’s Continental Plant Co. that shipped strawberry plants all over the world, Greystone Quarry as well as Kerr Lake, which was the largest reservoir east of the Mississippi when U.S. Army Corps of Engineers built between 1947 and 1952.

Find a county-by-county listing of historical markers at https://www.dncr.nc.gov/nc-historical-markers-guide-may-2024/open

 

Listen back to the entire interview at www.wizs.com.

 

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TownTalk: Around Old Granville – Historical Markers

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The state’s very first official historical marker was erected in 1936 – just a year after the Highway Historical Marker Commission was established. But where was it placed? Any ideas?

If you said Granville County, you’d be correct. The first marker honors John Penn, one of North Carolina’s three signers of the Declaration of Independence.

But Old Granville County – that four-county area that includes Vance, Warren and Franklin along with Granville – has a total of 57, said Mark Pace, local historian and North Carolina Room specialist at Oxford’s Thornton Library.

The state’s 100 counties are divided into 17 regions; Vance and Granville counties each boast 15 markers and are in Region G; Franklin and Warren, both in Region E, have seven and 20, respectively.

Pace and WIZS’s Bill Harris are tackling the topic of historic markers for the next few “Around Old Granville” segments of TownTalk. First up, Granville County.

The John Penn marker, located along Highway 15 in Stovall, was issued along with four others in the inaugural group, Pace said.

Interestingly, Granville County has the oldest marker, but also two of the newest: Camp Butner got a marker in 1989 and James E. Webb, who was instrumental in the creation of NASA and the space program, got a marker in 2018.

The commission started its work with the marker program as the country was emerging from the economic devastation of the Great Depression, which Pace said showed the state’s commitment to history. There are criteria for getting a marker approved and placed, he said, including placement in a prominent location on official state highways.

Webb’s marker, for example, is located along College Street in Oxford. He grew up a block away, Pace said.

Thomas Person has a historical marker in Granville County. He was probably the wealthiest person who ever lived in Granville County and owned 80,000 acres. But that’s not what got him a marker along Highway 158 back in 1972. His marker reads “Leader of popular movements: Regulation, Revolution and Antifederalism. His home in Goshen stood five miles north.”

Pace observes what he called “commemoration fever” when it comes to remembering historical figures or events. There seems to be renewed interest in history 50 or more years after an important event, he said.

“It’s kind of like the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame,” he said. Rockers aren’t considered until 25 years after their first record is released.

Horner Military Academy got a marker in 1939. It was known nationally because of the prominent people who attended the private school, which was established in 1851 by James JH. Horner.

There’s a marker for Henry Plummer Cheatham, who was born into slavery and served in the U.S. Congress from 1889-1893. Cheatham also was the superintendent of what is now Central Children’s Home for close to 30 years until his death in 1935. His marker can be seen on N.C. 96 at Eighth Street in Oxford.

Central Children’s Home – and the Masonic Home for Children, the other orphanage in Oxford, also have markers, placed in 1965 and 1936, respectively.

A marker for Mary Potter Academy was erected in 2005 along College Street, also known as U.S. 158 Business. Its inscription reads: “Founded by G.C. Shaw 1889 to educate African Americans. Named for a Presbyterian benefactor. Later a public school. Operated one block E.”

Bullock has one of five markers in Region G that identifies the Native American Trading Path that was subsequently used by colonists and settlers between Petersburg, VA and well into North Carolina – Hillsborough and beyond. There’s also a Trading Path marker in Vance County, but that’s a story for another day.

Check out all the historical markers in Granville County and across the state at https://www.dncr.nc.gov/about-us/history/division-historical-resources/nc-highway-historical-marker-program

 

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TownTalk: Around Old Granville – Walter Alexander Pattillo

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Walter Alexander Pattillo was a Baptist preacher, newspaper publisher and accomplished farmer who established a dozen churches in and around Old Granville County. He died young – age 57 – but his legacy has had a lasting impact throughout the area.

Local historian Mark Pace said Walter Pattillo was born in 1850, the son of plantation owner James Pattillo and Hannah Turner, an enslaved woman.

Although he was only 15 years old when the Civil War ended, Pattillo had an advantage that not many enslaved people had:

He already knew how to read and write.

Pattillo married Ida Hart of Stovall in 1870 and they raised 14 children in what is now present-day Granville County.

During the Reconstruction era – which Pace defines as that 35-year period between 1865 and 1900 – Pattillo was active in the community as a minister, an educator, a farmer and newspaper publisher.

But he was never really involved in politics, Pace said on the tri-weekly history segment of TownTalk.

“He was kinda the guy behind the scenes,” Pace said. Other local prominent African Americans such as Henry Plummer Cheatham and James Hunter Young may have garnered statewide and national attention, wielding a lot of influence and political power, “but in a lot of ways it was Pattillo who had the (real) power,” he said.

He was but 16 years old when he adopted the Baptist faith and was “openly very religious,” Pace said.

He was also a carpenter and ran a sawmill and took care of his mother and sisters during their lifetimes.

A farmer who believed in education and religion, Pattillo became part of what was called the Colored Farmers Alliance, the largest group of African Americans outside of the church. This group helped elect Cheatham and George Henry White, among others to Congress during Reconstruction.

But as an educator, Pattillo also is credited with establishing the first school for African Americans that was run by African Americans.

And although it took him awhile to do it, Pattillo graduated from Shaw University in Raleigh.

“How he did that, when it took a day to get on a horse and go to Raleigh and back,” Pace mused, must have been quite a feat. He enrolled in 1873 and was graduated in 1887.

One fellow alumnus was none other than Henry Plummer Cheatham.

The majority of churches he helped establish over the years are still active churches and include Cedar Grove Baptist, Michaels Creek, Stovall Baptist, Blue Wing Church near Virgilina, Blue Wing Grove Baptist, First Baptist Church, Oxford, Flat Creek Baptist in Williamsboro, Mt. Olive in South Boston, New Jonathan Creek, Olive Grove Baptist and Penn Avenue Baptist, where he was pastor when he died in 1908.

He started his first church in Stovall in 1873, one year before becoming ordained. That one-room log cabin became Stovall Baptist Church, which remains active today.

Right before the Civil War began, Pace said Granville County was the largest slaveholding county in the state. It also had about 900 freed Blacks residing within the county, so when the Civil War ended and enslaved people were emancipated, Granville County found itself with a majority Black population that would largely vote Republican. The 1870 Census documents that more than two-thirds of the county population was African American, Pace said.

(Remember: The Republican Party at that time was considered “the party of Lincoln,” and was more progressive than the Democratic party of the day.)

Granville County consistently elected Blacks to public office and sent numerous Black legislators to Washington, including the aforementioned Cheatham and Young.

In addition to his contributions to politics, religion and education in the area, Pattillo also was instrumental in establishing what is now known as Central Children’s Home in Oxford, founded in 1882.

“He left so many legacies,” Pace said. “He was an incredibly talented person.”

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TownTalk: Around Old Granville: Agriculture’s Roots In Vance County

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Around the turn of the 20th century, the Nutbush area – known today as the Drewry community – had just shy of 400 households. And of those households, said local historian Mark Pace, there were only eight that did not derive their income from agriculture.

But in those eight households surely lived people engaged in support services for all those farmers, Pace noted on Thursday’s tri-weekly history segment of TownTalk. There were merchants, bankers, household help and physicians – all the things necessary for a community back in 1900.

Today’s landscape is quite different, to which anyone who drives along most any county road will attest: Subdivisions are popping up where row crops once stood and solar fields are replacing pastures and hayfields all across the state.

But Vance County is a little bit of an anomaly from other counties in the state, Pace said, as he and WIZS’s Bill Harris discussed a condensed history of agriculture in the county. About one-third of the roughly 178,000 acres of land that comprises the county is allotted for agriculture, which includes, pastureland, forestry and crops.

Some counties have virtually no farmland left, Pace said, thanks to urban sprawl and the proliferation of suburbs.

“That’s a trend that will probably continue,” he said.

Vance County – and Old Granville County before it – has a long history with agriculture in general, and as Pace said, “You can’t talk about Vance County and not talk about tobacco.”

From the mid-1700’s, this was always a good place to grow tobacco, he explained.

“Red” tobacco was prevalent then, and used more for plug or chewing tobacco, snuff and cigars.

Fast-forward to the 1890’s when James B. Duke was cornering the market in the cigarette-making industry in Durham, Henderson also was well-known as a tobacco market. According to Pace, Henderson once was the third-largest tobacco market in the world, behind Winston-Salem and Durham.

Henderson was perfectly placed between Richmond and Raleigh, and the railroad meant that the tobacco that was sold and bought each season could hop a freight bound for destinations across the world.

And although tobacco certainly was agriculture’s “king” crop around these parts, there were other agricultural ventures, too, Pace said.

Like silk. And sugarcane.

Huh?

In the 1830’s and ‘40’s, Pace said, parts of Vance County had a fascination with silkworms, who spin their pricey filaments in the branches of mulberry trees. At that time, cotton was selling for between 6 cents and 8 cents a pound, but silk fetched a whopping $4 a pound.

“It was worth your while to mess with silk,” Pace said.

And there was a sugar processing plant in Townsville, Pace said, that processed locally grown sugar cane.

Neither sugar cane nor silk really took hold, but there were other niche producers that had a bigger impact on the local agriculture scene.

Blacknall Strawberry Nursery in Kittrell, for example, shipped thousands upon thousands of plants each year. It was located about where the Dollar General is there along U.S. 1, Pace said. And long-time residents that remember the clothing store Davis’s on Garnett Street may not be aware that Mr. E.G. Davis earlier ventures included a food superette and more in his downtown location before settling on clothing alone.

And he also created the area’s first large-scale ag industry, Pace explained, back in the 1930’s when he established a chicken farm out in the county on what many old-timers still refer to as Chicken Farm Road.

“People are still making a living off the land,” Pace said, but farming and agriculture certainly have evolved over the years as tobacco subsidies and allotments have given way to alternate crops, niche markets and farms became destinations for recreational activities.

 

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TownTalk: Around Old Granville – Camp Butner

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Soldier Memorial Sports Arena in Butner, which serves as a recreational center as well as the site of the Camp Butner Museum, was built in four days back in 1942 by a special team of builders who traveled about constructing buildings for use at military installations during World War II.

It is one of about 1,700 buildings that popped up like mushrooms across the 60 square miles or so of farmland to provide training facilities for U.S. soldiers. By the time the war ended in September 1945, things were winding down at Camp Butner, and local historian Mark Pace said it gave rise to the town of Butner, a unique town in that, until 2007, was operated completely by the state of North Carolina.

When the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers decided that this part of Granville County would be the site of the camp, they offered landowners cents on the dollar for their property, which happened to be perfect for growing flue-cured tobacco.

“It was a take-it-or-leave it” proposition,” Pace told WIZS’s Bill Harris on Thursday’s Around Old Granville segment. If the offer wasn’t accepted, the government just condemned the property anyway, he noted.

That didn’t sit too well with many landowners, a sentiment that lingers still today with descendants of those farmers, many of whom didn’t return, even after the war ended.

“It was a major upset to their everyday lives,” Pace said, adding that to say the government’s actions were contentious would be an understatement.

More than 425 families – 1,300 people – had to relocate, not to mention churches, school buildings and more than 1,600 graves.

Just like the recreational facility, the barracks, roads and other infrastructure was built in an incredibly short time, Pace said, and by August 1942 the camp was operational – complete with air field, a railroad spur line, churches, a hospital and even a radio station. Construction went on 24 hours a day, 7 days a week in response to the national emergency – remember, the United States had just entered into the war in December 1941, after the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor.

Camp Butner took $28 million to build in the early ‘40’s, Pace said. In today’s dollars, that sum would hover around half a billion dollars. Workers got paid $1.25 an hour, which would be about $30 an hour in today’s money.

Because so many young men were fighting in Europe, local farmers faced a labor shortage. They had a hard time getting all the work done on the farm – crops still had to come in, the dairy cows needed milking and the cash crop – tobacco – had to get in the barns.

“Some of the prisoners were allowed to leave the camp and go to work,” he said. And the government said farmers had to pay them wages.

After the war ended, only about half of the land was sold back to the original landowners, their descendants or others. Pace said one man from Durham bought 3,000 acres for the grand total of $10,000. No need to break out the calculators – that’s less than $3.50 an acre.

The National Guard kept about 5,000 acres and the state of North Carolina bought what was left – for the grand sum of $1.

And that’s how all those state-run facilities came to be located in Butner – the alcohol rehab center, Murdoch center and more, Pace said.

Today, the population of Butner is about 8,600. Where soldiers once trained and POWs were housed are now subdivisions and other trappings of post-War suburbia. Many of the buildings are gone, but some – like the sports complex – remain. St. Bernadette’s Catholic Church occupies a former church building at Camp Butner, for example.

There’s probably no community like Butner in the entire country, Pace mused.

Butner has a rich past for a town that’s been incorporated less than 20 years.

The Camp Butner Museum is open the first Saturday of each month from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. Pace invites the public to come visit the museum, which has many artifacts and photos. The address is 416 24th St., Butner.

 

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TownTalk: Around Old Granville – Downtown Henderson

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Towns like Henderson began popping up in the mid 1800’s as landowners gave land to railroad companies for their business ventures, conjuring up, no doubt, visions of economic prosperity – for themselves and for the local communities.

And Mark Pace attributes the general layout of downtown Henderson to the railroad. Pace and WIZS’s Bill Harris talked about the history of downtown Henderson on Thursday’s Around Old Granville segment of TownTalk, beginning with the physical layout of the major streets included in downtown Henderson. Garnett, Chestnut and William streets all run parallel to each other – and to the railroad tracks, which once carried freight and passenger trains through town.

Pace said Henderson was “built in a hurry,” between 1870 and 1890, with 1885 being a “game changing year” for the relatively new city, which was established in 1841.

Back then, all the buildings downtown were wooden structures, Pace said. And in 1885, a fire “basically destroyed” the downtown.

Those wooden buildings “were replaced with something nicer, something finer,” Pace said, and many of the lovely old brick and masonry building facades along Garnett Street have stood the test of time.

In fact, the Henderson Central Business District is on the National Register of Historic Places and includes not only Garnett Street but Chestnut Street and William Street as well, Pace said.

In addition to the iconic clock tower and fire department, Zollicoffer Law Office and former H. Leslie Perry Library buildings at one end of Garnett, there’s the Henry A. Dennis Building, the art nouveau style O’Neal Building and the building touted as the tallest in downtown – the five-story Vance Furniture Company.

As with many downtowns in cities small and large, Henderson’s downtown was a center of commerce from the 1870’s clear into the early 1970’s, Pace said. That’s when malls began to be popular.

In addition to the several movie theaters, downtown Henderson had several clothing stores – E.G. Davis, Roth-Stewart and Leggett – as well as hardware stores like Falkner Building Supply, Watkins Hardware and Rose Gin & Supply. There were shoe stores and jewelry stores, drug stores, barber shops and more – all downtown.

When P.H. Rose came to Henderson from Northampton County, he had already opened up a store in Littleton, Pace said, and in 1915, he opened the first store in Henderson.

He was an innovator, Pace said, and it was Rose who capitalized on the concept of customer self-service.

Business was booming for Rose’s stores. “They expanded so fast that at one point, he was opening a store a month,” Pace explained. In its heyday, Rose’s had 250 stores across the Southeast.

Listen to the complete interview at https://wizs.com/

 

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TownTalk: Around Old Granville – First Families Part Two

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Ready to hear how the area now known as Kittrell is connected to the first Thanksgiving?

THE first Thanksgiving.

The one that happened in 1618, a full four years before the Pilgrims and Native Americans celebrated the first successful harvest in Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1621.

Leave it to WIZS’s Bill Harris and local historian Mark Pace to make the local connection in their tri-weekly TownTalk segment called Around Old Granville. Monday’s discussion was a continuation of “First Families” of the area that now includes the four counties of Vance, Granville, Warren and Franklin.

According to Pace, a man by the name of John Woodlief gets the credit for the very first Thanksgiving that took place at Berkeley Plantation on the banks of the James River southeast of Richmond. It is Woodlief’s grandson, Thomas Woodlief, who leaves Charles City, VA and settles in the vicinity of what is now Kittrell way back in 1754, when the Colonies were still under British rule.

Woodlief is just one of numerous notable surnames that pop up in research of local history, but sometimes genealogists and historians have to do a bit of detective work to find useful tidbits about people who lived and worked in the area almost three centuries ago.

Kittrell is another family name that predates the birth of the United States. The earliest Kittrells came pretty early, Pace said, back in 1727. Then Jonathan Kittrell purchased 300 acres or so in the area along Tabbs Creek around 1760.

Another well-known family was the Eaton family. “The Eatons would definitely qualify as one of the first founding families of this area,” Pace said.

William Eaton first settled up in the northeast corner of the old Granville County along the Roanoke River – a ferry bearing the family name operated from the 1800’s to the early 1960’s near Littleton in Warren County.

Eaton also built the first courthouse and the first jail – with his own money – in Granville County

and he built Locust Hill on Old County Home Road in Vance County.

“It was actually THE county home” at one time, Pace noted. Eaton died in 1759 and his children were influential in the area for the next hundred years or more, up until the Civil War.

Locust Hill burned in 1976. Pace remembers the year vividly because it was the year he got his driver license. He and his younger brother tootled out to Locust Hill and the brother snapped a pic of the old home with his Polaroid.

“About two weeks later, it burned down…my brother took the last picture of it,” Pace said. He said the back portion of the home could easily date back to the 1740’s – “It wouldn’t surprise me,” Pace said.

One son, Thomas Eaton, was a general in the American Revolution. He was captured during the Battle of Brier Creek in Georgia, and legend has it that when he was captured, the British sympathizers confiscated his prized boots, made specially to fit his quite narrow foot. Fast forward to a post-war “sit down” Eaton was summoned, along with one of his captors, who returned the long-lost boots to Eaton.

And although Pace said he can’t confirm what happened, the story goes that Eaton proceeded to whack the captor over the head with said boots. So much for letting bygones be bygones.

There’s a stately home in Warrenton – the William Eaton home – that still stands today that belonged to a son of Thomas Eaton.

William Eaton, an attorney and prominent politician, wrote a book called “How to be a Good Lawyer” which Pace said was a bestseller in the 1830’s and 1840’s.

The Eatons have a connection with Osborne Jeffreys, who was born in Williamsburg, VA in 1716.

Jeffreys was a captain in the North Carolina Colonial militia for Granville County, said Harris, and owned several plantations in the area, which included grist mills, a tannery, a shoe-making business and taverns. Jeffreys also was active in the politics of the area. Like many early settlers, Pace said Jeffreys “owns land all over the place…he comes here (early) and gets the best land” for himself. He built Portridge on some of his land holdings, which was located between what is now Louisburg and Franklinton. It was at Portridge that the first church of England was built in the area. The building is long gone, but the cemetery remains. It contains many unmarked graves, but the names on some stones are legible.

Jeffreys and his wife, Patience, had a daughter named Elizabeth. She married Charles Rust Eaton, another descendant of the original William Eaton.

A dozen or so families in Colonial North Carolina, he said, intermarry and create what Pace calls an oligarchy – “they’re the ones who run things,” he explained.

Listen to the entire discussion at wizs.com.

 

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TownTalk: Around Old Granville: First Families

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Just as in today’s real estate market, the phrase “location, location, location” rang true in the days when the very first families came to the area once known as Granville County.

The English folks who’d settled Jamestown were branching out in the pre-Revolutionary era of the 1700’s and they looked south for more opportunities, said Mark Pace, local historian and North Carolina Room specialist at Richard Thornton Library in Oxford.

They may have lived here, but “here” wasn’t identified as Granville County back then, and that was the topic of Thursday’s Around Old Granville segment of TownTalk. Pace and WIZS’s Bill Harris talked about “first families,” their interconnections and influence over close to what is now almost three centuries.

Granville County would not be carved from Edgecombe until 1746. Heck, Edgecombe was still part of Bertie until 1722, so local genealogy enthusiasts who can trace their heritage back that far would have to hit the Bertie County Courthouse for deeds and records, Pace said.

And while there may be a wealth of historical data on the first families of Granville County, or Vance, Franklin and Warren – the information stream slows to a quiet trickle before those counties were actually established.

“They have lived in the presence of five different counties – without moving,” Pace said.

“The ones that came here in 1720, 1730, 1740 were literally pioneers,” Pace said of families with last names like Hargrove, Bullock, Henderson, Penn and Taylor.

Think about it: by the early 1700’s, settlers had lived almost a century in the James River and Tidewater area of Virginia, where 95 percent of the new residents of North Carolina came from.

Farming techniques were basically non-existent – they’d “farm the land until it wore out and then clear some more,” Pace said.

So when John Carteret, also known as Lord Granville, employed a land agent to represent him and his vast land holdings, people like Edward Jones, Philemon Hawkins, Gideon Macon and others sought to purchase tracts and put down roots.

The philosophy was to get here early and get good tracts of land – not just big tracts, but good tracts.

For Jones, Hawkins and others, it meant acquiring land located along rivers or where springs were found.

“By the 1730’s, you really start to see this area grow,” Pace said, noting that several hundred large tracts of land were sold to buyers, all of whom hailed from 14 counties in Virginia.

Hawkins was clever enough to bring with him millstones that had to be specially made elsewhere for use here in the mills that he constructed in the current-day Shocco ar

The acquisition process back then required money up front or what was called “quick rent,” basically a lease-to-own deal that came with certain stipulations. The tracts came in 640-acre lots that equaled one square mile, Pace said. The landowner would pay to have a surveyor come lay out the property before the sale was made, and the buyer would be required to cultivate at least three acres a year and have a permanent dwelling constructed by a certain time. But “head rights” gave buyers the right to purchase tracts in the name of whoever they brought down with them – wives, children, mothers-in-law as well as the enslaved people who worked for them.

By the time the American Revolution began, Pace said one quarter of the population of Old Granville County was comprised of enslaved persons.

The website https://www.ncgenweb.us/ is a helpful resource for individuals looking for genealogy information of enslaved people in their ancestries.

 

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TownTalk: Around Old Granville – Law Enforcement In Old Granville

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Before the American Revolution, the Colonists had to import most of what it needed – including rules and laws. In the 1770’s, the sheriff didn’t wear a badge identifying who he was. “Everybody knew who the sheriff was,” said Mark Pace, local historian and North Carolina Room specialist at Richard Thornton Library in Oxford.

There were laws issued by Parliament, and there was another category based more on tradition, called common law. By the time the Revolution dust had settled, the newly minted United States of America were figuring out which laws – and punishments – to keep and which needed to be updated.

Early on, the police stuck with their British counterparts and did not carry firearms, Pace said. But a man named Samuel Colt changed all that in 1836 with his patent for a barrel-chambered pistol, Pace said, which took away the need to repack and reload after each shot.

Police began carrying firearms after the Civil War, during which time the holster, conveniently, was used.

There was a push to make the laws more humane, Pace said. The punishments imposed on people found guilty of crimes were harsh. As late as the 1820’s and ’30’s, Pace said there were 28 felonies that were punishable by death. Other punishments included branding, maiming and being burned at the stake – which makes standing in stocks and pillars in the public square seem tame by comparison.

Pace said lawmakers were more interested in deterring crime than being punitive.

“There was inconsistency from county to county,” he said, which resulted in a movement in the state of North Carolina to codify laws to ensure everyone got fair and equitable treatment under the law.

Horse theft was one of those crimes that was treated seriously. Very few people owned their homes or land, and often a horse was the most valuable – and useful – property one could have. Used as transportation and work on the farm, a horse thief was among the lowest of the low.

Pace recalled the Revolutionary War-era story of two fellows who were sent out by Patriots to look for Tory horse thieves. They were unsuccessful, Pace said, because, well, their horses were stolen.

Down, but not out, the men applied for – and received – restitution from the state of North Carolina for their loss, Pace said.

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